The assembly manifest for a shared assembly is installed in the %WINDIR%\WinSxS\Manifests\ folder. The dependent side-by-side assembly can be installed either as a shared assembly or as a private assembly. To the operating system loader, this manifest says that appl.exe depends on an assembly named, version 1.0, that's built for a 32-bit x86 processor architecture. The content of this manifest resembles this: The application manifest either is embedded in appl.exe as the binary resource RT_MANIFEST, which has an ID equal to 1, or is stored as the separate file. Remember that 64-bit assemblies cannot be loaded in 32-bit processes and cannot be executed on 32-bit operating systems.Īssume we have an application, appl.exe, that's built by using Visual C++. If your application depends on side-by-side assemblies, check that these assemblies are correctly installed on the computer so that the operating system loader can find them, as described in Assembly Searching Sequence.
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Each assembly is specified in the manifest by its name, version number, and processor architecture.
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For more information, see Assembly manifests.Ĭheck that all assemblies that are enumerated in the manifest are correctly installed on the computer. We recommend that you embed a manifest in every DLL because external manifests are ignored when a DLL is loaded though a LoadLibrary call.
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However, on Windows XP, the opposite is true-the separate manifest file is used and the embedded manifest is ignored. If both an embedded manifest and a separate manifest file are present, the operating system loader uses the embedded manifest and ignores the separate file. For more information about manifests and rules for deployment, see Manifests. If the manifest is in a separate file, open it in an XML editor or text editor. For more information about which resource ID to use, see Using Side-by-Side Assemblies as a Resource (Windows). If the manifest is embedded in the binary, ensure that the ID of RT_MANIFEST is correct for this type of the binary. Check the linker option Generate manifest in the Project Properties dialog box for the project. If your application depends on side-by-side assemblies and a manifest is not present, you have to ensure that the linker generates a manifest for your project. If you can't find an embedded manifest, look in the application folder for a file that's named something like. To check whether the manifest is embedded in the binary, open the binary in Visual Studio and look for RT_MANIFEST in its list of resources. The manifest can either be embedded in the binary as a resource, or installed as a separate file in the application folder. The operating system loader uses the application manifest to load assemblies that the application depends on.
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If you observe that some DLLs are missing, install them on the computer on which you are trying to run your application. The dependency walker can show most dependencies for an application or DLL. If your application is deployed on a computer that doesn't have Visual Studio, and it crashes with error messages that resemble the previous ones, check these things:įollow the steps that are described in Understanding the Dependencies of a Visual C++ Application. Re-installing the application may fix this problem. This application has failed to start because a required DLL was not found.If your application has no manifest and depends on a DLL that Windows can't find in the typical search locations, an error message that resembles this one might be displayed: The system cannot execute the specified program. Reinstalling the application may fix this problem. This application has failed to start because the application configuration is incorrect.
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The application failed to initialize properly (0xc0000135). If an application fails to load because it has a manifest that specifies a dependency on a side-by-side assembly, and the assembly is not installed as a private assembly in the same folder as the executable nor in the native assembly cache in the %WINDIR%\WinSxS\ folder, one of the following error messages might be displayed, depending on the version of Windows on which you try to run the app. This article describes some common reasons why a C/C++ application fails to load, and suggests steps to resolve the problems. Loading a C/C++ application can fail if dependent libraries cannot be found.